What are some key differences between Python 2 and Python 3?

Answer: Python 2 and Python 3 are two major versions of the Python programming language, and while they share many similarities, there are several key differences between them:

1. Print Statement vs. Print Function: One of the most noticeable differences is the print statement. In Python 2, print is a statement whereas in Python 3, it is a function. This means that in Python 3, print requires parentheses around its arguments.

   python
   # Python 2
   print "Hello, World!"
   
   # Python 3
   print("Hello, World!")
   

2. Division: In Python 2, the division of two integers results in an integer (floor division) unless one of the operands is a float. In Python 3, division always returns a floating point number.

   python
   # Python 2
   result = 5 / 2  # Result is 2
   
   # Python 3
   result = 5 / 2  # Result is 2.5
   

3. Unicode Support: Python 3 fully supports Unicode by default, whereas Python 2 treats strings as sequences of bytes by default. In Python 2, Unicode strings are represented with a 'u' prefix.

4. Range and xrange: In Python 2, there are two similar functions for generating a sequence of integers: range() and xrange(). range() returns a list, while xrange() returns an xrange object which is more memory efficient for large ranges. In Python 3, xrange() is removed, and range() behaves like xrange() in Python 2.

5. Iterating Through Dictionaries: In Python 2, the methods dict.keys(), dict.values(), and dict.items() return lists. In Python 3, they return dictionary views, which are iterable but not indexable.

6. Error Handling: The syntax for handling exceptions has been improved in Python 3 with the introduction of the as keyword.

   python
   # Python 2
   try:
       # Some code
   except IOError, e:
       # Handle IOError
   
   # Python 3
   try:
       # Some code
   except IOError as e:
       # Handle IOError
   

These are just a few of the key differences between Python 2 and Python 3. Python 3 was introduced to address and rectify certain design flaws and inconsistencies in Python 2, and it is recommended to use Python 3 for all new projects.